Speakers - 2026

Title: Operation in agrotechnical conditions safety-ergonomic aspects of tractors during

Abstract

In Serbia, there is a large number of tractors in operation with a considerable age structure, without a cab or a protective frame. These facts contribute to a significant increase in the number of accidents with injured and fatal persons during exploitation and transport, primarily due to the lack of evident subjective: safety, ergonomic, comfort, and other parameters. Tractors, due to their construction and traction characteristics (high geometric and mass center of gravity, large dynamic wheel radii, large clearance, high engine power, large transmission load variations, agrotechnical operations on variable configurations, with falls and ascents, etc.), are very unstable working machines despite relatively low movement speeds. However, despite this, the current technological development of modern tractors has achieved a high level of application of mechatronic and other systems, which has achieved significant improvements in terms of: safety, ergonomics, comfort, economy, productivity, rationality, emissions of exhaust gases, noise, vibrations, etc. In this case, ergonomics represents the "man-tractor" relationship that defines conditions that include parameters related to the ease and optimality of handling hand and foot controls, the visibility and optimality of the microclimate in the cabin, protection from noise and vibrations and other factors, which avoids potential occupational diseases. In order to influence the reduction of the number of accidents, ergonomics investigates the "man-machine-environment" relationship, which studies anatomical, physiological, medical, social, legal and other areas that contribute to the reduction of accidents and occupational diseases, while increasing efficiency, reliability, safety, etc. Special attention should be paid to the balance of forces within the analysis of the required static and dynamic stability of the tractor when moving up and down the sloping surface of the working terrain, especially tractors without a cab or a protective frame. In addition to the general state of tractor safety, this paper presents a draft of a short analysis of tractor exploitation when performing work operations on ups and downs in agrotechnical and transport conditions, as one of the main reasons for accidents with injured and fatal persons.

Keywords: safety, ergonomics, stability, ecology, comfort